What are the commonly used methods for household disinfection?

The commonly used methods of disinfection and sterilization in the family are as follows:

1, natural disinfection method: the use of sunlight and other natural conditions to kill pathogenic microorganisms, to achieve the purpose of disinfection, known as the natural disinfection method.

Sun exposure method: Sunlight has a certain bactericidal power due to its heat, dryness, and ultraviolet light. The strength of sunlight sterilization is affected by factors such as region, season and time. The stronger the sunlight, the longer the irradiation time and the better the sterilization effect. When ultraviolet rays in sunlight pass through the atmosphere, they are weakened due to heat dissipation and absorption, and they cannot all pass through the glass. Therefore, they must be exposed to direct sunlight to obtain sterilization efficacy. Daylight exposure methods are commonly used for the disinfection of books, mattresses, bedding, blankets, and clothing. During the exposure, the objects to be dried should be frequently turned so that all sides of the article can be in direct contact with sunlight. Generally, 4-6 hours under sunlight exposure can achieve the purpose of disinfection.

Ventilation: Although ventilation does not kill microorganisms, it can be used to exchange indoor and outdoor air in a short period of time to reduce indoor pathogenic microorganisms. Ventilation can be carried out in a variety of ways, such as ventilation through doors, windows or windows, as well as ventilating fans. Indoor ventilation should be regular ventilation, ventilation time is generally not less than 30 minutes each.

2, physical sterilization method: the use of thermal and other physical effects, so that microbial protein and enzyme degeneration, in order to achieve the purpose of disinfection, sterilization, known as the physical sterilization method.

Combustion method: It is a simple, rapid, thorough and effective method of sterilization, but it has great destructiveness to articles. Mostly used for high heat resistance, or items that have pathogenic bacteria but have no reservation value, such as papers, dressings, enamel-type articles contaminated with certain bacteria or viruses such as bidets; they can also be sterilized and sterilized by flame burning, such as disinfection. When you are in the bidet, you should wash and dry the basin first, then pour a little 90% alcohol, and slowly turn the tub after it is ignited so that the inside is completely burned by the flame. When applying this method, pay attention to safety and keep away from flammable or explosive materials to avoid fire.

Boiling method: It is a kind of economical and convenient sterilization method. Generally, after the water is opened, it can be boiled for 10-15 minutes to kill the non-spore bacteria. It can be used for disinfection and sterilization of foods, towels, handkerchiefs, syringes, and other items that are resistant to humidity and high temperature.

High-pressure steam sterilization method: Uses high pressure and high heat in the autoclave for sterilization. This method is strong in sterilization and is the most effective physical sterilization method. After the autoclave is steamed, add a valve and steam for 15 minutes to disinfect cotton, dressings and other items.

3. Chemical Sterilization and Sterilization: Chemical Sterilization and Sterilization is the use of chemical drugs to infiltrate bacteria, destroy their physiological functions, and inhibit the growth of bacterial metabolism, thus playing a role in disinfection. There are three types of chemical sterilization methods commonly used in households.

Wiping method: Wipe the surface of contaminated objects with a chemical liquid, which is commonly used for disinfection of floors, furniture, and display items. Such as the use of 0.5% -3% bleach clear solution, 84 disinfectant and other chlorine-containing disinfectants (the market are sold, to be optimistic about the validity and use of methods), wipe the walls, beds, tables and chairs and toilets.

Immersion method: Immerse the disinfected items in the disinfectant solution, which is often used in household utensils that cannot be cooked or inconveniently cooked. The length of the soaking time differs depending on the nature of the article and the solution. For example, it takes 1 hour to soak dishes and toilets with 1% to 3% bleaching liquid, 15 minutes for soaking with 0.5% “84” disinfectant, and 5 minutes to soak with 0.02% high-performance disinfection tablets. If soaked in vomitus and excrement, not only the concentration of disinfectant should be doubled, but also the immersion time should be doubled.

Fumigation method: Disinfection using the gas generated by the disinfectant. It is often used to infect room air and indoor surface disinfection.

Formalin (formaldehyde) + potassium permanganate: 25-40 ml of formalin and 15-30 g of potassium permanganate are added per cubic meter. The two drugs are placed together to generate gas, which can achieve the purpose of disinfection. When disinfecting, the doors and windows must be closed for 12-24 hours. After disinfection, the doors and windows are opened for ventilation. This method is effective for indoor disinfection of infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.
Vinegar: Use 3-10 ml of vinegar per cubic meter. Add 2-3 times of water to heat and fumigation for indoor air disinfection. It is effective in preventing respiratory diseases such as flu.